Week 3 [23.11-29.11.2020] Pilot’s time of reaction
I would
like to present the scientific article about prediction of pilot’s time of reaction
based on EEG signals. Here is the link to the article: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fninf.2020.00006/full
I am a fan
of flying so the topic seems to be very interesting. The authors write that the
time of delay in reaction to an unexpected event can be predicted from brain
activity before the event using EEG equipment. Authors conducted the experiment
by means of simulation of aircraft flight and 19 participants took part in such
experiment. They applied regression model to predict the reaction time. The
obtained results are promising and the authors want to conduct the next
experiment using more detailed equipment and higher number of participants and to
take into consideration the artifacts related to eye-movement, or heart rate.
They think about applying the Artificial Subspace Reconstruction algorithm (ASR)
which allows to correct artifacts online. The constant monitoring of predicted
reaction time might enable to monitor how pilot's capabilities change over the
course of a flight. This solution might be applied as a trigger to alarm when
the decrease in predicted reaction speed is expected and might enable to overview
the level of fatigue. In the presented work authors created regression model
for each participant separately, I hope that it might be possible to create
subject – independent model in the future. The job of pilot is one of the most
dangerous jobs and not everybody could be a pilot.
I often fly by plane and fortunately
I did not observe the pilot lost the consciousness or pilot had a heart attack when
I was a passenger in the plane. In my opinion the topic touched in the
scientific paper is very important and I hope it could be possible to create
such system not only for the pilots but also for ordinary people, so it could
be predicted if something wrong can be appear …
Questions
1. Find and
write a short description about real situation where pilot caused the crash of
the airplane for example pilot had a heart attack, lose consciousness or was
drunk etc.
2. In which
jobs could such system, predicting what appears within several second/minutes,
be applied?
3. Have you
ever heard about situation where thanks to a pilot an airplane took off despite
of a technical problem of the airplane? Please write what happened
4. How do you
think, is it possible in the future that everybody will have own system which will
predict and will warn if you want to do bad thing?
1. Find and write a short description about real situation where pilot caused the crash of the airplane for example pilot had a heart attack, lose consciousness or was drunk etc.
ReplyDeleteI found the story about crashed from 2018 that was probably caused by pilot’s incapacitation due to loss of consciousness. On May 4, 2018 Michael McCarrick an experienced pilot, crashed near Ballina, Co Mayo. The weather was fine when the plane got into difficulties as Mr McCarrick was heading towards the small airfield. A forward-facing video camera shows pilot operating normally until shortly before the fatal impact. The last 27 seconds of recording shows the Mr McCarrick’s head slumping forward with eyes closed “in a manner that suggested incapacitation due to a state of unconsciousness”, according to a final report by air accident investigators. Before crash, the aircraft have been seen to continue rolling to the left before descending at speed towards the ground, at a rate of 2,000ft per minute, with no attempts to correct its downward trajectory. An autopsy report stated that, ‘The postmortem examination revealed no evidences of the reason of the loss of consciousness”, and that “medical cause of death is related to his extreme traumatic injuries as according to the postmortem findings he was alive at the time of impact”. So the mystery of this crashed will remain unresolved.
2. In which jobs could such system, predicting what appears within several second/minutes, be applied?
I think that safety checking algorithms are very important part of creating safer future for us all. But taking in to account the reaction delay average equal 0.6 s I think that this solution is not applicable for human performed jobs. Just because of the reaction time that will be needed to correct the potential safety thread is too low. Such system could work if the action taken after alert will be done by computer, but In my opinion is easier to create algorithm / AI based performed operation from beginning to an end than with human in between.
3. Have you ever heard about situation where thanks to a pilot an airplane took off despite of a technical problem of the airplane? Please write what happened
I was working in aircraft industry, and read a lot of reports regarding technical problems. I don’t recall such event, of course there were many hardware malfunctions events but the protocol for such occurred during takeoff always instruct to abort take off, and run technical check on an aircraft.
4. How do you think, is it possible in the future that everybody will have own system which will predict and will warn if you want to do bad thing?
I think that the definition of bad thing is too wide, and might be something different for everybody, and could change depending on the occasion. So it make it hard to be unified algorithm response. I rather see this kind of solution work for cyborg than for human.
Thank you Klara for your response. I did not hear about the situation about which you wrote as the answer for the first question. It is so sad but I hope that thanks to similar solution presented in the article, such cases can be prevented. The solution mentioned in the article is one of the first approaches so I hope that in the future it can be optimized and can be incorporated with machine learning algorithms.
Delete1. I have not been able to find an incident where a pilot's collapse caused a plane crash, but I found a few cases where the 1st pilot fainted and the 2nd pilot had to make an emergency landing. One example is the flight of an Airbus A320-232 on a scheduled passenger flight from Kuwait. On November 16, 2012, the first pilot speaking to the second pilot in the cockpit began to speak incomprehensible and in a way completely different from previous conversations. After a moment he slumped unconscious in his chair. The co-pilot notified the Approach Controller about the impossibility of waking up the pilot and the necessity to make an emergency landing. As it turned out, the first pilot had a stroke. It turned out that the captain suffered from antiphospholipid (APS) syndrome disease, which may have resulted in a stroke.
ReplyDelete2. As Klara mentioned the average reaction delay is only 0.6 s, which is far too short for a human. However, if theoretically I were to choose an area in which such a system could be applied, it would definitely be automotive. Professional drivers are often on the road even for several hours and must constantly be vigilant about what will happen on the road, e.g. if a deer suddenly jumps out from behind trees. I think it would also be suitable for drivers, many accidents involving trains were also caused by errors or the health condition of the driver.
3. It seems to me that I have heard such a story once, but unfortunately I cannot remember what it was about, and the Internet does not want to help me provide any examples of such incidents.
4. With this question, I was reminded of a certain Psycho-Pass comic, its plot is based on a system that warns that some action may be considered wrong and if you do it, a squad of exterminators will appear to kill you, because in a world based on this system there is no place for aggressive people. One has to wonder if every bad decision leads only to another bad thing? Have we ever lied in good faith? If someone torments another person, we should not react because the system will tell us that we will do something wrong by beating the abuser? On the other hand, of course, I support systems that would warn or even prohibit drunk drivers from getting behind the wheel and driving. We would have to consider which activities are strictly wrong and which are just offenses, so that such a system would not tell us every now and then that we are doing something wrong.
Thanks Monika for your answers. Being a pilot is very responsible and stressful job!. Being constantly 10 km above the ground can cause the health problems as the examples you gave show. I agree with you, I hope that such system can be applied in the motorization and train industry in the future to minimalize the crashes. Your answer for question number 4 is very interesting. I have never heared about Psycho-Pass comic. In my free time I will read 😊
Delete1. Find and write a short description about real situation where pilot caused the crash of the airplane for example pilot had a heart attack, lose consciousness or was drunk etc.
ReplyDeleteI found information about the pilot's suicide, which claimed 150 people (details: Germanwings Airbus A320, operating as Germanwings Flight 9525, was deliberately crashed into the Alps by a suicidal co-pilot on 24 March 2015, killing all 150 people on board). Pilot has a mental problem and crashed the plane deliberately.
2. In which jobs could such system, predicting what appears within several second/minutes, be applied?
I think that such a system would have a very broad application. It would surely be helpful in competitions where reflexes are the most important issue (drivers, pilots, dispatchers).
3. Have you ever heard about situation where thanks to a pilot an airplane took off despite of a technical problem of the airplane? Please write what happened
...I tried to find something, but found nothing in a few minutes. I suspect that such situations are extremely rare and almost certainly pilots cannot take off if any serious mistake occurs.
4. How do you think, is it possible in the future that everybody will have own system which will predict and will warn if you want to do bad thing?
I think this is impossible. Such a system would have to know the pattern of every action that can be performed by a human being, and then from the situational context to conclude that I want to do something wrong in this way. It is not a bad thing to reach out and put your hand in your pocket unless you reach for someone else's property.
Thank you for your response. I remember the crash with pilot of Germanwings – it is so sad that he killed so many people instead of going to psychiatrist. Last year my flight to Warsaw was delayed about 12 hours because the earlier flight from Warsaw was delayed as well because of technical problem. The airplane had taken off and flew 30 minutes from Warsaw and then came back to Warsaw airport. When the airplane took off, the technical problem was. You are right the human is “very difficult” so nowadays such solution seems to be impossible but I hope it will be possible in the future 😊
Delete1. Find and write a short description about real situation where pilot caused the crash of the airplane for example pilot had a heart attack, lose consciousness or was drunk etc.
ReplyDeleteWhile reading about the air accidents, I was able to find the plane crash of the Air Fiji 121 flight. It was an air accident that occurred on July 24, 1999 near the village of Nasevou Delailasakau in Fiji. There were 17 people on board - all of them died. The plane took off from Suva-Nausori airport. The flight went smoothly until the controllers lost communication with the aircraft. Moments later, the plane crashes into the mountainside near the village. The cause of the crash was supposed to be a mechanical failure, as indicated by tail fragments found about a kilometer from the crash site. After some time, the captain's body was found and autopsied. As a result of the autopsy, it turned out that the pilot was drinking alcohol before getting into the machine. The captain's brother confirmed this, adding that the pilot had drunk alcohol 4 hours before the accident. Other sources also say that the captain did not rest before the flight and that he took an over-therapeutic level of an antihistamine (it causes drowsiness).
Sources:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Fiji_Flight_121
https://pl.qaz.wiki/wiki/Air_Fiji_Flight_121
2. In which jobs could such system, predicting what appears within several second/minutes, be applied?
I think, like the people who commented above, that the system could support people working primarily as professional drivers, who are often tired, e.g. due to road conditions, traffic difficulties, malaise while driving, etc. (bus drivers, car drivers). trucks, public transport drivers, train drivers, etc.). of course, one should remember that the system will not do everything for us, it can only warn and support us, but it should not make decisions by itself. It is always a good idea to leave the gate to a person nearby or, in the case of planes, to the controller.
3. Have you ever heard about situation where thanks to a pilot an airplane took off despite of a technical problem of the airplane? Please write what happened.
I heard about a situation where an airplane took off with minor damage noticed by a mechanic. However, the pilits ignored it, stating that they did not matter much. Unfortunately, as a result of faults, there was a disaster in which the entire crew died. But I don't remember what flight it was.
4. How do you think, is it possible in the future that everybody will have own system which will predict and will warn if you want to do bad thing?
ReplyDeleteCurrently, in some car brands, e.g. Volvo, driver assistance systems are used, e.g. automatic seat belts tensioning when a collision or collision is detected. There is an eCall system that is to be fitted as standard on newly approved types of vehicles up to 3.5 tons, detecting road collisions and able to automatically call for help. The aim of the system is to improve road safety and transport efficiency.
ufabet or Ultimate Fair Trading is a type of direct advertising utilized in the UK. The organization UFA Limited claims the rights to certain vegetable seeds and to the development and creation of those seeds. The organization can give a permit to anybody to market and sell UFAs under their umbrella. They additionally work with cultivators and providers to advertise their item. This article will give you an understanding into what is the issue here and how it functions.
ReplyDeleteUnder UFA, makers and providers can sell their items straightforwardly to customers without experiencing a broker. As a retailer, you don't need to pay extra for UFAs from a broker. Indeed, the actual organization really pays charges on the deals of UFAs to customers. UFA really benefits the buyer by giving them admittance to bring down estimated and more effective vegetables. This is particularly significant with regards to imported products.