Monday, 17 December 2018

WEEK 5 [17.12 - 23.12.2018] EEG and Brain Computer Interfaces


I would like to present you article about electroencephalography and Brain Computer Interfaces which are based on EEG.
Electroencephalography (EEG) is a technique dedicated to register and monitor brain electrical activity. It is  non-invasive measurement of specific waveforms emitted by a human brain. This activity is recorded with electroencephalograph – a special type of amplifier dedicated to signals of small amplitude, such as EEG signal. The signal is gathered from human scalp by dedicated electrodes and it is sent in real time to a computer, where it is analyzed and applied in different studies. EEG signal depends on the age of the patient, the activity performed and other psychophysical aspects. EEG signal analysis might be used in wide range of applications. It is usually applied in ambulatory and clinic applications, e.g. for monitoring patients being in coma or suffering from epilepsy or sleep disorders.
Nowadays EEG analysis is also applied in construction of brain computer interfaces (BCIs) which implement the set of methods enabling users to establish and conduct communication with computers and other devices without use of usual physical capabilities of their bodies.
BCI might be applied in software projects but they also might be used in hardware applications to control robotic devices performing such functions as transporting or
manipulating. BCI supports motion of disabled people who have serious diseases or injuries. 
There are three main paradigms of BCI based on EEG techniques: P300, steady state visual evoked potentials (SSVEP) and motor imagery (MI). P300 paradigm is based on event-related potentials which appear as a reaction to a specific stimulus at time between 300 and 600 ms after the demonstration of expected stimulus. SSVEP is related to the visual stimulus presented with the specific frequency. The frequency of the stimulus might be observed in EEG signal of examined person. MI is associated with moving of various parts of body e.g.: left/right hand, tongue or foot and it is based on event-related desynchronization/synchronization.

Questions:

1.     What do you think is it possible that we will have opportunity to use Brain Mobile Phone Interface widely?

2.     Have you ever participated in EEG experiment? If yes, did you like it?  If no would you like to participate in one?

3.     How Brain Computer Interfaces can help disabled people? Provide some examples.

4.     Does the EEG technique can be applied in cryptography for key generation?

38 comments:

  1. 1. What do you think is it possible that we will have opportunity to use Brain Mobile Phone Interface widely?
    Yes, I suppose it is possible. I think it will probably become commonplace because it is technologically possible now. It will be probably very convenient.

    2. Have you ever participated in EEG experiment? If yes, did you like it? If no would you like to participate in one?
    No, I haven’t participated in EEG experiment but I would like to. Generally, it doesn’t look dangerous (I mean non-invasive BCI systems).

    3. How Brain Computer Interfaces can help disabled people? Provide some examples.
    First of all, people with movement disabilities will benefit from BCIs – it is obvious. For example, there are successes in direct control of robotic limb prostheses. Invasive BCIs were used also in repairing damaged eyesight and providing new functionality for people with visual paralysis. The authors of the presented article also mentioned the possibility of helping people with speech disorders.

    4. Does the EEG technique can be applied in cryptography for key generation?
    As of today, I do not see such a need. In my opinion this is not the goal of EEG technology. In addition, we finally have ready and proven key generators. Perhaps it is only me that I do not see any potential for EEG in this area…

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    1. Thank you for your response. I agree with you in terms of Brain Mobile Phone Interface :) People are constantly working in that area, trying to find the solution.
      I like your optimism about EEG experiment. Maybe one day, when I conduct one in the laboratory, I will invite you to take part in it :)

      Delete
  2. 1. What do you think is it possible that we will have opportunity to use Brain Mobile Phone Interface widely?
    I think it is possible, but we still have a long way to go to make it common. At the beginning it is worth to focus on this technology to support people with disabilities, but who knows maybe one day we will all operate our devices in this way.

    2. Have you ever participated in EEG experiment? If yes, did you like it? If no would you like to participate in one?
    I have never participated in an experiment with the EEG.

    3. How Brain Computer Interfaces can help disabled people? Provide some examples.
    All those with mobility impairments will be able to operate all devices (especially the computer and smartphone) without any problems. This gives new opportunities for mental work even for people permanently confined to bed. In addition, with the development of smart home technologies, it will be easier for them to function normally without the help of others.

    4. Does the EEG technique can be applied in cryptography for key generation?
    Sounds interesting. If we really were able to use the brainwave recording to generate keys, it could change the protection we know. Now a huge problem is a lot of passwords that need to be remembered and this type of technology can be used to identify and authenticate the user.

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    1. I appreciate your answers. Yes, it is important to find new ways of helping disabled people. Brain Computer Interfaces allow to relieve the people who take care of disabled people because they will be more independent.
      When I heard about applying the EEG technique in cryptography for key generation, I was surprised. It sounds interesting for me as well. I like your point of view. If we are able to generate the unique and recurrent keys for each person - it could be the new direction in technique.

      Delete
  3. 1. What do you think is it possible that we will have opportunity to use Brain Mobile Phone Interface widely?

    It is not only possible, it is our inevitable future. Over the time, the boundaries of communication between a person and a computer are erased, for this reason Brain Mobile Phone Interface become more needed and potential.

    2. Have you ever participated in EEG experiment? If yes, did you like it? If no would you like to participate in one?

    I have never participated in EEG experiment. It could be an interesting experience and chance to learn more about my own brain, so I would like to participate one day.

    3. How Brain Computer Interfaces can help disabled people? Provide some examples.

    Brain Computer Interfaces can make disabled people free in their actions by reducing their disability. Thanks to the development of recent years, there is a real opportunity to return disabled people lost motor functions by replacing the damaged elements of the nervous system with the BCI. BCI is used in limb prosthetics and rehabilitation of people with motor and cognitive impairments like damaged eyesight. In addition, it is also possible to imitate speech for dumb or speech impaired people.

    4. Does the EEG technique can be applied in cryptography for key generation?

    I doesn’t seem to me, that it is a safety way of cryptography. Nowadays researches in this area are not so needed, moreover it is only wasting the potential of EEG.

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    1. Thank you very much for your comments. Brain Mobile Phone Interfaces are the challenge for our and future generation. I like your opinion about BMPIs :) You wrote that you would like to participate in the EEG experiment, so feel free to ask me about the next experiment :)
      I am not convinced that EEG technique cannot be applied in cryptography as you wrote.

      Delete
  4. 1.     What do you think is it possible that we will have opportunity to use Brain Mobile Phone Interface widely?

    I truly believe that in quite short perspective we will have an opportunity to use Brain Mobile Phone Interface widely. This is a matter of few years. Personally I have heard about multiple projects also in Poland that concern this topic.

    2.     Have you ever participated in EEG experiment? If yes, did you like it?  If no would you like to participate in one?

    I did EEG only for medical reasons, but it was not an experiments. But I have seen research from University of Warsaw students that study on neuro-informatics faculty. I did like their’s results, they were very impressing and the fact that you can perform such experiments on your bachelor degree is pretty awesome. I would like to participate in one of them.

    3.     How Brain Computer Interfaces can help disabled people? Provide some examples.

    Brain Computer interfaces can dramatically change life of disables people. They would be able to use computers, while now it is hardly possible without any help. They could use computer by thoughts. It would be great in general not only for disabled people, it would speed up interface usage also for elderly as well as for typical user.

    4.     Does the EEG technique can be applied in cryptography for key generation?

    I can imagine some application in cryptography for key generation, using your brain waves as encryption method.

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    1. Thank you for your response. It is great that there are such projects like Brain Mobile Phone Interfaces in Poland as well :)
      Yes, I also heard that students of University of Warsaw have the opportunity to do some research about EEG. I am interested if the experiment in a scientific laboratory is similar to the medical EEG.

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  5. 1. What do you think is it possible that we will have opportunity to use Brain Mobile Phone Interface widely?

    I don’t think so. I conduct a EEG research in our laboratory EEG in work. The person how participate to an EEG experiment must not move becouse our muscles genrates electrical signal that disturb our brain signal (muscle artifacts). The presented emotive headeset it’s not very good equipment to make a eeg research.

    2. Have you ever participated in EEG experiment? If yes, did you like it? If no would you like to participate in one?

    I conduct a lot of EEG experiments and participate in one. It very interesting and I like it.

    3. How Brain Computer Interfaces can help disabled people? Provide some examples.

    In the internet there are a lot of examples how eeg can help disabled people:
    1) Writing text on screen
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MBNjMXaUltE
    2) Moving an object eg controlling toy car
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nXTt08f-TtE
    3) Moving a prosthetic hand
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_hKyrdXlBLI

    4. Does the EEG technique can be applied in cryptography for key generation?

    Probably yes but I don't think that we need it for this purpose

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    1. Thank you very much for your comments, they are especially valuable from the person who works on this field and looks from the practical point. You mentioned about the artifacts, the detection and the correction of the artifacts is sometimes difficult but it is absolutely necessary to obtain good Brain Mobile Phone Interface so it is a challenge for the people who develop such BMPIs.
      Thank you for links, I will certainly check them.

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  6. 1. What do you think is it possible that we will have opportunity to use Brain Mobile Phone Interface widely?

    I think that in a short space of time we will be able to use such an interface. I still do not feel how it will function, but the topic is very interesting and I think it is important for especially sick people. It can help solve many problems of everyday life.

    2. Have you ever participated in EEG experiment? If yes, did you like it? If no would you like to participate in one?

    I have never participated in such an experiment. I believe that I would agree to participate in such a study. I don't think it's dangerous. EEG has been performed for years, so there is nothing to prevent you from experimenting.

    3. How Brain Computer Interfaces can help disabled people? Provide some examples.

    Such interfaces will significantly help people with disabilities. They will allow them to communicate freely in the case of speech blockage or moving around in the case of, for example, a spine defect. I also think that they will enable people who have not had or have lost their sight to see.

    4. Does the EEG technique can be applied in cryptography for key generation?

    I think that there is no need. There are other methods to develop the keys and I do not think that the EEG must have been used for this purpose.

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    1. Thank you for your response. I also think that Brain Mobile Phone Interface could help the disabled people but also it could be applied in entertainment for example in mobile games.
      Yes, you are right that EEG experiment is not dangerous :)
      I do not agree with you that there is no need to apply the EEG technique in cryptography. My point of view is that it is worth to check the new possibilities of EEG.

      Delete
  7. Experiments showed that it's possible to control devices with EEG to some extend. But is seems that it requires a lot of effort to configure and it must be customized for each uses. That's why I doubt it could be widely used. I'm not an expert buy EEG seems to provide very noisy signal so it can be used only for tasks that don't require a high accuracy. I can imagine that for example writing with such interface would be a real pain.

    I've never participated in any experiment related to EEG and I'm not very enthusiastic about it.

    Such interface (or similar) can be the only way for fully paralised people to communicate with others.

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    1. Thank you for your answer. The artifacts in EEG signal are the serious problem but nowadays, there are some research to improve the detection and correction of the artifactual signal but it is still a challenge. If we are able to obtain the EEG signal with no artifacts, I think we will able to use BMPIs widely.

      Delete
  8. 1. What do you think is it possible that we will have an opportunity to use Brain Mobile Phone Interface widely?

    Why not - but it will be like headphones. I hope it can become cheap and mainstream (like a standard smartphone accessory).
    There should be some caution however, about how much do we allow the applications to know about us. However, it would be nice
    to have an interface to control the music player while vacuum cleaning (voice doesn't cut it).

    2. Have you ever participated in EEG experiment? If yes, did you like it? If no would you like to participate in one?

    No, I haven't. I would be glad to play with such equipment myself and do some studies. As for being a research object - I don't have much interest in it.

    3. How Brain Computer Interfaces can help disabled people? Provide some examples.

    I think Stephen Hawking would have had been happy to use one.

    4. Can the EEG technique be applied in cryptography for key generation?

    Certainly, but we don't exactly know how random this would be. It could be used for authentication - like unlocking your phone with your brain instead of face or fingerprint. But for private keys there are good enough randomness sources already.

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    1. Thank you for your comments. I also think that Brain Mobile Phone Interface would be widely applied in common life when it becomes like headphones - easily access and useful.
      I also like when I take part in some experiments and then I can do some studies, as you wrote.
      Your idea with using EEG techique for authentication seems to be good to consider.

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  9. 1. I think it is possible in the near future. However, this still involves huge costs. For such equipment to be generally available it must be cheap enough that everyone can buy it. Of course, there is also the question of how convenient it would be in everyday use.

    2. I've had EEG done in the past because of my health, but I've never participated in any of the experiments associated with it. If such an opportunity would happen, I would very much like to participate in such an experiment. I am very interested in issues regarding the functioning of the human brain. The way neurons communicate information to each other is really interesting.

    3. Thanks to BCI, people with disabilities, especially those with a mobility problem, could use their computer independently, thanks to which they could work remotely, for example. In Japan, there is a cafeteria where clients are served by robots controlled by disabled people. link: https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2018/11/26/national/cafe-opens-robot-waiters-remotely-controlled-people-disabilities/#.XB_UR2lCfIU
    BCI would also be very useful for deaf people and speech disorders.

    4. Interesting idea. However, how should we generate keys? It seems to me that generating keys with the help of brain waves would be too random and difficult to do. Although the idea that he unlocks his phone by looking at him or logging in this way to his mail or bank is very tempting.

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    1. Thank you for your response. Yes, I totally agree with you about BMPI - it should be cheap and most of people should be able to afford it.
      Thanks for the link about Japanese cafe where the clients are served by robots controlled by disabled people. It sounds great. I read this article with interest :)

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  10. 1. What do you think is it possible that we will have opportunity to use Brain Mobile Phone Interface widely?
    I don't think so, I think it is too weird now. I expect similar effect as with Google Glasses, which are totally not-cool now as I understand it.

    2. Have you ever participated in EEG experiment? If yes, did you like it? If no would you like to participate in one?
    No, I haven't participated. At least not consciously ;-) Given chance, I'd surely volunteer. Especially for something with non-motor mental imagery.

    3. How Brain Computer Interfaces can help disabled people? Provide some examples.
    By providing means to control outside world, especially for people with various muscular dystrophies. It might provide more convenient input method than tongue or last moving finger.

    4. Does the EEG technique can be applied in cryptography for key generation?
    Probably yes, but I see no point. There are not enough entropy probably. That would also be a contradiction to good security principle "something you have plus something you know", as both would be the same.

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    1. Thank you very much for your answer. I will remember about you! When I need some people to conduct the EEG experiment, can I write to you? :)
      Yes, I also think that BCI might be easier in use for the disabled people than using tongue or moving finger.

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  11. 1. What do you think is it possible that we will have opportunity to use Brain Mobile Phone Interface widely?
    http://www.ijirae.com/volumes/vol1/issue8/SPCS10103(46).pdf?fbclid=IwAR2ZW_NrT7LDFDTysxRuPcyaJp_itXUhs1dDtAaJCtP-951obN77OjZcMoI

    I kope, that Brain Mobile Phone will be only a first step, that will allow our brain to use in future the full potential of World Wide Web and other blessings of digital world. This should be the first step to digital evolution and hopefully in few decades we will be not only biogical units but also a digital ones.

    2. Have you ever participated in EEG experiment? If yes, did you like it? If no would you like to participate in one?

    Fortunately my helth is ok, so there were no medical needs and I never have a chance to do it fo science.

    3. How Brain Computer Interfaces can help disabled people? Provide some examples.

    I think such interfaces could be a key, to create different type of prosthesis for disabled people with 100% functionality of normal hands or legs. Another application could be an artifical vision for blind people. This technology have a really great potential for disabled persons.

    4. Does the EEG technique can be applied in cryptography for key generation?

    Currently there is no need for such criptography, but in quantum computers era that could be interesting to use your brainwaves to proof you identity.

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    1. Thank you for your comments. I am very glad that everything is okay with your health :)
      You idea sounds great - applying the EEG to create the artifical vision for blind people! I hope that one day, it will be widely accessible for the blind people.
      I also like your idea about applying the EEG technique in cryptography!

      Delete

  12. 1. What do you think is it possible that we will have opportunity to use Brain Mobile Phone Interface widely?
    http://www.ijirae.com/volumes/vol1/issue8/SPCS10103(46).pdf?fbclid=IwAR2ZW_NrT7LDFDTysxRuPcyaJp_itXUhs1dDtAaJCtP-951obN77OjZcMoI

    Yes, I think it’s possible, but I see it rather as an opportunity to communicate for people disable to do it in other ways than for widely usages. For now, it’s not the most efficient way of communication, where it's the main purpose of it.

    2.Have you ever participated in EEG experiment? If yes, did you like it? If no would you like to participate in one?

    No, I didn't have that opportunity, but I will like to participate in that kind of experiment.

    3.How Brain Computer Interfaces can help disabled people? Provide some examples.

    These days, there is a wealth of technology that helps individuals with disabilities control wheelchairs as well as interfaces that let them interact with their environment. There are also interfaces for wheelchairs and other devices that are controlled by brain activity that might soon be able to read and learn a user’s brain activity and work with less input from the user. These brain computer interfaces can help users control wheelchairs and prosthetic limbs.

    4. Does the EEG technique can be applied in cryptography for key generation?

    Yes, it can be. I found interesting article threading about this: https://ac.els-cdn.com/S1877050917314837/1-s2.0-S1877050917314837-main.pdf?_tid=21220953-82e8-4d63-ad1f-ee33a0b8555d&acdnat=1545520713_ab3a6a9d0ec0ebe2091c9c48be8f0061.
    There is an algorithm that crate key based on parts of EEG string. Thanks to this technique long and strong passwords can be make

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    1. Thank you very much for your answer. The article about applying EEG in cryptography for key generation is promising. It is the challenge how to widely use mentioned approach and minimize the errors. I think that the one of the most important issue in such study is to obtain the repeatable results.

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  13. 1. What do you think is it possible that we will have opportunity to use Brain Mobile Phone Interface widely?
    In my opinion, using Brain Mobile Interfaces wildely is only a matter of time. This is how our future will look like. I'm not sure if I like this idea, but I guess in couple of years I'll see with my own eyes how this ingenious invention works in practice.

    2. Have you ever participated in EEG experiment? If yes, did you like it? If no would you like to participate in one?

    I had a regular EEG once, for medical reasons, but I haven't participated in any experiments involving this research method yet. It sounds interesting, though, so I wouldn't mind being subject to such an experiment. As long as I know what the purpose of the research is, why not.

    3. How Brain Computer Interfaces can help disabled people? Provide some examples.

    Brain Computer interfaces can really make a difference in lives of disabled people. People who are paralyzed and cannot speak, but still are alive and are thinking and are prisoners of their own bodies could communicate by using their thoughts. It would be a real breakthrough for those people and their families and also for doctors, as they could better understand the position and state of health of such patients. Brain Computer Interfaces could help people lying in coma. Maybe it would be easier to stimulate the appropriate areas of their brains and wake them up, bring them back to life, return them lives they lost.

    4. Does the EEG technique can be applied in cryptography for key generation?

    I guess it might be used for such purpose.

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    1. Thank you for your response. I hope that you will have an opportunity to take part in EEG experiment for science reasons. I am interested if the EEG for medical reasons is similar to EEG for science reasons. :)
      I really agree with you, that BCIs are useful not only for disabled people but also for doctors and family of disabled people. It would be nice if BCIs were able to help people who are in coma.

      Delete
  14. 1. What do you think is it possible that we will have opportunity to use Brain Mobile Phone Interface widely?

    Yes, I think it will be possible. At the beginning, these will be only basic tasks, and then more and more difficult. The same was earlier with speech recognition and voice command over the phone, now it is common.

    2. Have you ever participated in EEG experiment? If yes, did you like it? If no would you like to participate in one?

    Unfortunately, I didn't have the opportunity to participate in. However, I am very interesting how it looks from the side of the examined and I would like to participate.

    3. How Brain Computer Interfaces can help disabled people? Provide some examples.

    Very soon it would be adopted by people with disabilities. I think that a good example is the wheelchair control. More commercial for example: control of a computer mouse, software for production lines, cars, etc.
    Some information about this:
    https://openbci.com/

    4. Does the EEG technique can be applied in cryptography for key generation?

    I think that we have a lot of methods to generate private keys. However, this idea of using brain waves as an additional security seems reasonable.

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    1. Thank you for your comments. Yes, I share your point of view about Brain Mobile Phone Interfaces. In the future it will be common like speech recognition now.
      The idea of applying the EEG technique in cryptography for key generation is relatively new so we need to do some research to consider if it worth to apply it widely.

      Delete
  15. 1. What do you think is it possible that we will have opportunity to use Brain Mobile Phone Interface widely?
    I think that it is possible and in the future it would be something common, but the point is if people want to use it? That answer isn't clear. From one hand that technology let for better communication but from other hand all of us know how big disaster could happen if this interface start to be used by unauthorized persons. I mean what happen if this controller will start to register all of us signal and connect it with us reactions. Then created in this way map could show more or less what are we thinking about regardless of whether we want to inform anyone about it.

    2. Have you ever participated in EEG experiment? If yes, did you like it? If no would you like to participate in one?
    Not yet, but I had this survey in the past. That was weird to wear that all equipment, but it wasn't bad. I don't mind wear it everyday but we will see how this technology will develop.

    3. How Brain Computer Interfaces can help disabled people? Provide some examples.
    I will ask the opposite question...how this interface can't help them? If everyone could eliminate the need to move any part of the body and still communicate with the world around us then disabled isn't barrier. Every disabled peoples could finally say something to theirs family which don't know, in many cases, if they heard them at all.


    4. Does the EEG technique can be applied in cryptography for key generation?
    I don't think so. The point is that nowadays this test is very sensitive to any interference. We can't move, the results are other when we get older. Of course key generated in this way will be really hard to break, but nobody will guarantee that after few years WE could read US data!

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    1. Thank you very much for your answer. I cannot agree with you on applying the EEG technique in cryptography! However, the artifacts which can be appear in signal will be a problem which should be solved if we want to use EEG for cryptography. We should be certain that we will be able to obtain the same results when we are 20 and 50 year old.

      Delete
  16. 1.     What do you think is it possible that we will have opportunity to use Brain Mobile Phone Interface widely?

    There is a keyboard which depends on the Bain - computer interface. I don’t see any difference in the process of implementation between such keyboard and application, designed for the mobile phones to write short text messages. I once described on this site the way such keyboards works - which is the same method of working as the results’ table in the old games on the arcade machine. You can change the choice of the letter by using index: right/left and next - approving the choice.
    As Piotr mentioned above, EMOTIVE is completely useless for such type of experiments and therefore shouldn’t be used.

    2.     Have you ever participated in EEG experiment? If yes, did you like it?  If no would you like to participate in one?
    When I was a student, getting my master degree, I participated in this kind of experiments, nowadays I lead such research myself. Building and performing such experiment is the best and easiest part of the research. After that part, unfortunately data must be purified, filtrated and then analyzed, which is the major part of our work in the EEG lab. It is not even close - talking about the level of difficulty - to building and performing the experiment.

    3.     How Brain Computer Interfaces can help disabled people? Provide some examples.
    Moving the artificial arm is quite interesting. Below I give You the link to the site describing this kind of experiment:
    https://scholar.google.pl/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=bci+moving+arm&btnG=

    On the other hand, in our science lab we are looking for biomarkers of the mental disorders.


    4.     Does the EEG technique can be applied in cryptography for key generation?
    I think that o generate the key the EEG signal could be used, but unfortunately we have never worked on such project until now. But for sure we can think abut using it in the future.

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    1. Thank you very much for your answer. It is nice to hear that you are also interested in EEG. I had the same situation. When I was a master degree student, I participated in such EEG experiments but now I lead some research myself :)
      I totally agree with you that conducting the EEG experiment is only the first and one of the easiest step in research. The preprocessing data and the analysis of the data is the most time-consuming!

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  17. Hello,
    big fan of EEG here so thank you for an interesting subject!

    1. What do you think is it possible that we will have opportunity to use Brain Mobile Phone Interface widely?
    Electroencephalography is classically considered as having an excellent temporal resolution, but a poor spatial one. In my opinion, the application of such a solution makes sense only for disabled people who suffer from locked-in syndrome and have also their eyes disabled (which exclude the usage of an eye-tracker). In other cases, it would be always faster for us to use our mobile phones by our hands, in a classical way.

    2. Have you ever participated in EEG experiment? If yes, did you like it? If no would you like to participate in one?
    Yes, I have participated in the EEG experiment. In my company, we are also designing such experience for our clients (for the entertaining purpose). We have drone controlled by EEG and Carrera racetrack! Mainly, we are using NeuroSky EEG, which is easily applied and very nice for develompent.

    3. How Brain Computer Interfaces can help disabled people? Provide some examples.

    Massively, for example, people with locked-in syndrome, who I've mentioned earlier, have a very limited scope of communication methods. Paradigms, that you've described are being used for projects that could be used for typing on the screen. One of the examples could be projected https://braintech.pl/projekt-interfejs-mozg-komputer/

    4. Does the EEG technique can be applied in cryptography for key generation?
    Yes, brainwaves are pretty good fingerprints of our minds! However, I'm not an expert and I don't know how to implement a non-deterministic system based on EEG.

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  18. Thank you for your response. I see that there are some people who are interested in EEG as you.
    Sounds great that company where you work deals with EEG for entertainment purposes! I would like to try Carrera racetrack! :)
    Thank you for link - it seems to be promising!

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  19. Hi Monika,
    many thanks for very interesting article.

    1. I guess, definitely yes, it is possible, and I even very probable in close future.
    Both mobile phones, and neural signals are fully present in our everyday lives. Given the recent availability of low-cost wireless electroencephalography (EEG) headsets and programmable mobile phones capable of running sophisticated machine learning algorithms, we can now interface neural signals to phones to deliver new mobile computing paradigms, because users in real time can simply “think” their way through all of their mobile applications.
    2. Unfortunately I haven’t, but I’d be very interested in that. The idea seems to be very impressive for me, indeed. There are some ideas in this respect, I’ve read something about them. Some projects use research/professional-quality EEG devices that offer higher quality signals but are expensive and based on wired headsets. In contrast, consumer - oriented EEG headsets are considerably cheaper and noisier, but at the same time are more geared toward gaming applications rather than the types of classification we have used them for. Typically, these headsets are wireless, enabling mobile uses. Several ideas develop a wireless EEG headband prototype with 4 electrodes targeting non-hairy skin area of the forehead, which is not suitable for P300 detection. Others are commercially available headset with a single electrode not powerful enough for different types of applications. Some of them are more closely related to “NeuroPhone” - the evaluation of an initial prototype that brings together neural signals and phones to drive mobile applications in new ways. One could argue that connecting the wireless “Emotiv EPOC EEG headset” and iPhone is just a simple engineering exercise. But I’d rather think the NeuroPhone system is an important development precisely because it is simple to engineer using cheap but noisy commercial components. NeuroPhone opens up new opportunities and challenges in ubiquitous sensing and pervasive computing. These projects connect neural signals to mobile phones just to display visualization and simple frequency-domain analysis of the signal, not to drive mobile applications themselves. In essence, the phone is used as a mobile display and not as a phone.
    3. It can help for disable people, especially when they cannot communicate fluently with the closer world. Then such idea can totally change their life. Anyone could simply sniff the packets out of the air and potentially reconstruct the “thoughts” of the user. Spying on a user and detecting something as simple as them thinking yes or no could have profound effects.
    4. However I see a lot of applications of EEG technique, I can’t see any need and practical advantages to use it in cryptography. On the contrary, if sniffing packets could take on a very new meaning if brain-mobile phone interfaces become widely used, then, securing brain signals over the air is an important challenge.

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  20. 1. What do you think is it possible that we will have opportunity to use Brain Mobile Phone Interface widely?
    http://www.ijirae.com/volumes/vol1/issue8/SPCS10103(46).pdf?fbclid=IwAR2ZW_NrT7LDFDTysxRuPcyaJp_itXUhs1dDtAaJCtP-951obN77OjZcMoI

    Yes I think it may be used widely. Tehcnically it is possible. It depends how it can be developed and applied. If it will be for commercial use then it has to heve good advertisement. If for some special cases then it has to have special design.

    2. Have you ever participated in EEG experiment? If yes, did you like it? If no would you like to participate in one?

    I have never participated is nush experiment by myself but i have seen such experiment on others. The person was sitting with a special helmet on his head and his "thoughts" were recordered as a some time series. By now I dont want to participate in such experiment.

    3. How Brain Computer Interfaces can help disabled people? Provide some examples.
    They can help disabled people in communication. If someone is paralized and cannot speak it may help to express their thoughts feelings etc as they want but not in a spoken form but readable by computer. I think that it can be used for people in comma to check if they hear anything or have any connection with a world.

    4. Does the EEG technique can be applied in cryptography for key generation?

    I think it is possible. It can be used as something uniwue for each person like fingerprints or dna but I think that it has to be investigaed more to check if it is not easy to break or is it really unique for each person.

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  21. 1. What do you think is it possible that we will have opportunity to use Brain Mobile Phone Interface widely?
    I think that at the moment it is not possible to use the EEG in combination with a mobile phone. The main problem of impedance size impedance between electrode and scalp. In solutions with mobile eeg, dry electrode is most commonly used because the use of dry electrode is very easy, fast, but unfortunately very unreliable. When using a dry electrode, the impedance between the electrode and the skin exceeds 300KΩ. This results in many signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) artifacts. The useful frequency range in the EEG is 0.1 to 30 Hz. However, the amplitude is only a few microvolts. This assumption causes that even with a small increase in impedance there is a large increase in noise in the signal. Artefacts related to muscle movements are also inevitable. The systolic frequency of human muscles is abducted by the frequency of brain work. This cannot be broken through, and further research is carried out with complete immobility.

    2. Have you ever participated in EEG experiment? If yes, did you like it? If no would you like to participate in one?

    Not only do I take part in experiments with scrambled eggs, but I create software for very advanced egg systems. (dense eeg dense matrix). I also worked on mobile eeg systems based only on a few electrodes. And I came across the same problem as other researchers. Namely, the laws of physics cannot be broken. You cannot have a clear signal from electrodes made of metal which has a positive potential. The electrodes are the most important, they convert ionic current into electron current, which can be amplified and quantified. Therefore, I know that all mobile EEGs are more or less false
    3. How Brain Computer Interfaces can help disabled people? Provide some examples.
    A basic example is the use of p300 potentials, in using it as a keyboard for communication. This potential arises when a patient is stimulated with a stimulus that is expected. Because this potential has a very characteristic appearance, it is very easy for algorithms to locate it. This is the darkest suitable potential for use in eeg.
    4. Does the EEG technique can be applied in cryptography for key generation?
    The eeg technique cannot be used in cryptography. The eeg signal is too unstable and not very repeatable. Additionally, the eeg wave depends on too many factors. The appearance of the EEG wave even depends on the outside temperature.

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  22. 1. What do you think is it possible that we will have opportunity to use Brain Mobile Phone Interface widely?
    In my opinion this technology is still far ahead of us and a lot of scientific development is needed to achieve commercials usage of such tools
    2. Have you ever participated in EEG experiment? If yes, did you like it? If no would you like to participate in one?
    I have never participated in EEg examination

    3. How Brain Computer Interfaces can help disabled people? Provide some examples.
    This could be treated as I/O interface for plenty devices such as mechanised wheelchair or IoT powered home devices

    4. Does the EEG technique can be applied in cryptography for key generation?
    Yes it can be used as entropy generator instead of other techniques used for generating random numbers

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